Nanometer-scale magnetic devices are an area of emphasis, with applications for using spin-polarized currents to control ultra-dense magnetic memories. Current work involves understanding the effects of quantum mechanics on electron transport in carbon nanotubes, graphene and individual organic molecules. Physicists at Cornell developed many “top-down” lithography techniques, now capable of building structures on scales less than 10 nm, as well as “bottom-up” guided-assembly techniques for incorporating nanometer-scale objects into functional devices. Nanostructure physics was pioneered at Cornell, and we remain the leader in this field because of a unique and continually updated collection of advanced tools at the Cornell NanoScale Science & Technology Facility (CNF). Research areas of particular strength at Cornell include nanostructure physics, correlated quantum materials, low-temperature physics, x-ray physics and soft condensed matter physics. Collective and cooperative phenomena that result from these interactions can produce a variety of unusual physical properties as represented by the superfluid phases of 3He or high-temperature superconductivity. Condensed-matter physics concerns atoms in close proximity to one another and interacting strongly, as in the liquid and solid states.
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